Ionosphere

This section provides near-real-time monitoring of key ionospheric parameters affecting radio communications and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).

The S4 index indicates the level of ionospheric scintillation affecting GNSS signals, while the Total Electron Content (TEC) quantifies the integrated electron density along the vertical column, influencing positioning accuracy and signal delay. The Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) reflects the rapid variability of TEC, commonly associated with ionospheric irregularities and disturbances. These data are provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Ionospheric Monitoring and Prediction Center (IMPC).