NOAA Scales

This section presents the NOAA Space Weather Scales, which provide a standardized framework to communicate the potential impacts of space weather events on technological systems and infrastructures. The scales include:

• R scale (Radio Blackouts), based on solar X-ray flux levels.
• S scale (Solar Radiation Storms), based on proton flux levels.
• G scale (Geomagnetic Storms), based on geomagnetic Kp index levels.

Each scale ranges from 1 (minor) to 5 (extreme), offering a user-friendly reference for operational decision-making. These scales are widely used by NOAA SWPC, international agencies, and industry stakeholders.